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  到1917年底为止,奥斯曼军仍未尝言败,然而他们对这场大战已不抱希望,剩下的只是苦苦支撑。

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  [1] 关于德国飞机的发展,参见 Desmond Seward, Wings over the Desert: In Action with an RFC Pilot in Palestine, 1916–1918 (Sparkford, UK: Haynes Publishing, 2009), 29–32. 关于澳大利亚炮兵连,可比对杰马勒帕夏的Memories of a Turkish Statesman, 1913–1919 (London: Hutchinson, n.d.), 169.

  [2] 穆雷于1916年2月15日提议的全文,见George Mc-Munn and Cyril Fallsreproduced in Military Operations: Egypt and Palestine from the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917 (London: HMSO, 1928), 170–174.

  [3] Djemal Pasha, Memories of a Turkish Statesman,170;关于卡蒂亚事件,参见 McMunn and Falls, Military Operations,162–170;Anthony Bruce, The Last Crusade: The Palestine Campaign in the First World War (London: John Murray, 2002), 37–40.

  [4] 关于帝国骆驼兵团,参见Frank Reid, The Fighting Cameliers (1934; rpt. Milton Keynes, UK: Leonaur, 2005);Geoffrey Inchbald, With the Imperial Camel Corps in the Great War (Milton Keynes, UK: Leonaur, 2005)。

  [5] McMunn and Falls, Military Operations, 199.

  [6] 战争委员会的任命,1916年7月6日,reproduced in McMunn and Falls, Military Operations, 230–232.

  [7] Inchbald, With the Imperial Camel Corps, 113.

  [8] Reid, The Fighting Cameliers, 50–52; McMunn and Falls, Military Operations, 257.

  [9] 英国报告称,拉法赫一役中俘获1635 名奥斯曼军官兵,并估计奥斯曼军约有200人战死。英军死亡71人,受伤415人。McMunn and Falls, Military Operations, 270.

  [10] Edward J. Erickson, Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War(Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2001), 161.

  [11] 帝国总参谋长给总指挥的电报, 印度, 1916年4月30日, reproduced in F. J. Moberly, The Campaign in Mesopotamia, 1914–1918 (London: HMSO, 1923–1927), 3:3–4.

  [12] Erickson, Ordered to Die, 164–166.

  [13] Charles Townshend, When God Made Hell: The British Invasion of Mesopotamia and the Creation of Iraq, 1914–1921 (London: Faber and Faber, 2010), 344–345.
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